Cape Breton Celtic Music

Cape Breton step-dancing is a completely unique form of dance as it is non-competitive, social and laid-back. Each dancer displays his/her own unique style, often dancing spontaneously to the music. Because of this, it is absolutely necessary to be very familiar and comfortable with traditional dance music. A dancer’s timing is of utmost importance; the dancer must always dance to the music.

Step-dancing is most often done to traditional Cape Breton fiddle music; however, one may dance to a variety of other instruments. Piano, bagpipes and even “puirt a beul” (Gaelic mouth music) may also be danced to.

There are a variety of tunes played by Cape Breton fiddlers, each having unique timing and phrasing. Typically, Cape Breton step-dancing is done to three types of tunes: the strathspey, reel and jig. The strathspey and reel are used for solo dancing, whereas the jig (along with the reel) is used primarily for square dancing. Both the strathspey and reel have 4/4, or common time, however, the emphasis is put on every beat for the strathspey and every other beat for the reel.

The strathspey has a choppy, lilting type of sound to it and the steps require a lot of hopping. The reel, on the other hand, is quicker and the steps contain more shuffles and slightly less hopping. Most often for solo dancing, the fiddler will play a strathspey immediately followed by several reels.

Although each dancer has his/her own specific style, there are certain characteristics consistent among dancers. Traditional Cape Breton step-dancing is always “close to the floor,” meaning the feet do not come far off the floor at any time. In addition, the intricate steps are done entirely by the feet; the upper body, including the arms should be relaxed, but movement should be minimized. Lastly, it is said that the dancer should use only a small amount of floor space (some say approximately 2 feet squared). The use of metal “taps” or “clickers” on the shoes is entirely a personal preference, however, some are adamantly against the use of taps, while some are adamantly for it.

The main thing to remember when studying Cape Breton step-dancing is that it is meant to be fun, relaxed and social. It has the ability to connect the dancer to the music and bring people together.

Square Dancing

Cape Breton square dancing continues to thrive and provides an outlet for everyone to participate in Cape Breton culture. Square dancing consists of figures, combined to make the set. Today, there are typically 3 figures to a set, however, in the past sets consisted of 4 or 5 figures. Each area of Cape Breton has its own style of square dancing, meaning that although the style of music is the same, the movements done in each set differ slightly.

Cape Breton square dancing is always done to tunes known as jigs and reels. Reels were discussed previously, however, the jig is a unique type of tune played especially for square dancing. Jigs are played in 6/8 time and there are simple steps that can be done to the jig, within the square set.

Traditionally, each set consisted of 4 couples, however, now sets typically include just a minimum of 4 couples. Some sets, such as Baddeck, are really designed for 4 couples, whereas others, such as Mabou, can be danced with as many as you like.

Cape Breton square dancing is a fun way for everyone to take part in traditional culture. Although it may seem daunting at times, anyone can participate. It is a great way to experience Cape Breton music and dance, and to meet and interact with people.

Contact us if you are interested in learning more about the traditions of Cape Breton dance.